Chilichonse cha organic (mankhwala okhala ndi kaboni) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza amatchedwa organic kompositi.Nanga kompositi ingachite chiyani kwenikweni?
1. Wonjezerani agglomerate dongosolo la nthaka
Dothi la agglomerate limapangidwa ndi tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tomwe timalumikizana pamodzi ngati agglomerate ya dothi.Pores ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa pakati pa njere imodzi ndi pores lalikulu amapangidwa pakati pa agglomerates.Ma pores ang'onoang'ono amatha kusunga chinyezi ndipo ma pores akulu amatha kusunga mpweya.Dothi la agglomerate limapangitsa kuti mizu ikule bwino ndipo ndi yoyenera kulima ndi kukula.Ntchito ya agglomerate mu chonde cha nthaka.
① Imayanjanitsa madzi ndi mpweya.
② Imagwirizanitsa mkangano pakati pa kadyedwe ndi kuunjika kwa zakudya m'nthaka.
③ imakhazikitsa kutentha kwa nthaka ndikuwongolera kutentha kwa nthaka.
④ Kupititsa patsogolo ulimi komanso kukulitsa mizu ya mbewu.
2. Kupititsa patsogolo kulolera ndi kumasuka kwa nthaka
Masamba a mitengo yazipatso amayamwa mpweya woipa ndikutulutsa mpweya;mizu imayamwa mpweya ndikutulutsa mpweya woipa.Kuti zakudya ziziyenda bwino, mizu yozama yopuma imayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, womwe umafunika kuti nthaka ikhale yotayirira komanso kuti isapitirire.Kuchuluka kwa nthaka kumayenderana ndi kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndipo kumatengera kuchuluka kwa madzi, kutentha, kuthamanga kwa mpweya, komanso kutentha kwa mpweya.Kuthekera kwa nthaka kumadziwikanso kuti kutulutsa mpweya m'nthaka, komwe ndiko kusinthasintha kwa mpweya wa nthaka ndi mlengalenga, kapena kuchuluka kwa momwe mpweya umalowera munthaka.Zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mapangidwe a nthaka, makamaka ku maonekedwe a pore, ndipo dothi lomwe lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha porosity kapena ma pores akuluakulu amakhala ndi mpweya wabwino.Mwachitsanzo, dothi lokonzedwa bwino limatha kulowa bwino kuposa dothi losakhazikika bwino;nthaka yamchenga ndi yabwino kuposa dothi;dothi lokhala ndi chinyezi chochepa ndilobwino kuposa lonyowa kwambiri;nthaka yapamtunda ndi yabwino kuposa yapansi, etc.
3. Sinthani nthaka ndikuwongolera acidity ndi alkalinity
Mphamvu ya acidity ya nthaka ndi alkalinity nthawi zambiri imayesedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa acidity ndi alkalinity.Nthaka imakhala ya acidic komanso yamchere chifukwa m'nthaka muli ma ayoni a hydrogen ndi ma hydroxide ochepa.Pamene ndende ya ayoni haidrojeni ndi yaikulu kuposa ndende ya ayoni hydroxide, nthaka acidic;m'malo mwake, ndi zamchere;pamene awiriwo ali ofanana, salowerera ndale.Dothi zambiri ku China zimakhala ndi pH ya 4.5 mpaka 8.5, ndipo pH ikukwera kuchokera kumwera kupita kumpoto, kumapanga "acid yakum'mwera yakumpoto ya alkaline".Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa nyengo pakati pa kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwa China, kum'mwera kumakhala konyowa komanso mvula ndipo nthaka imakhala ya acidic, pamene kumpoto kumakhala kouma ndi mvula ndipo nthaka imakhala ya alkaline.Dothi lomwe lili ndi acidic kwambiri kapena lamchere kwambiri limachepetsa mphamvu yazakudya zam'nthaka mosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupanga dothi labwino komanso kulepheretsa kwambiri ntchito za tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimakhudza kukula ndikukula kwa mbewu zosiyanasiyana.
4. Konzani zokolola zaulimi
Kusintha kwa organic zigawo zikuluzikulu za chipatso.
1) Chinyezi.Kupatulapo chestnuts, walnuts ndi mtedza wina, ndi zipatso zina zouma, madzi a zipatso zambiri ndi 80% mpaka 90%.
2) shuga, asidi.Shuga, kuchuluka kwa asidi, ndi chiŵerengero cha shuga-acid ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za khalidwe la zipatso.Shuga mu zipatso kwa shuga, fructose, ndi sucrose, wowuma alipo mu achinyamata wobiriwira zipatso, zosiyanasiyana zipatso amene ali ndi shuga komanso amasiyana, monga mphesa, nkhuyu, yamatcheri mu shuga, fructose kwambiri;mapichesi, plums, ma apricots mu sucrose kuposa kuchepetsa shuga.Organic zidulo mu chipatso makamaka malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, apulo, peyala, pichesi kuti malic acid, citrus, makangaza, nkhuyu, citric acid ndi waukulu, asidi mu chipatso mu chipatso chachichepere pamene zili ndi otsika, ndi kukula kwa chipatso ndi bwino, pafupifupi okhwima mafashoni monga kupuma gawo lapansi ndi kuwola.
3) pectin.The amkati chifukwa cha zipatso kuuma ndi kumanga mphamvu pakati pa maselo, mawotchi mphamvu ya ma constituent zakuthupi, ndi selo kutambasuka kuthamanga, ndi kumanga mphamvu pakati pa maselo kutengera pectin.Mwana chipatso choyambirira pectin alipo mu pulayimale khoma la pectin wosanjikiza kuti maselo olumikizidwa, monga zipatso kukhwima, pansi pa zochita za michere mu sungunuka pectin ndi pectinate, kuti thupi la chipatso kukhala ofewa.Zomwe zili mu cellulose ndi calcium zimakhudza kwambiri kuuma kwa chipatsocho.
4) fungo ndi fungo la chipatsocho.Kununkhira ndi kununkhira ndizofunikira kwambiri pozindikira mtundu wa chipatsocho.Zipatso zambiri zimakhala ndi kukoma kwa astringent, makamaka tannin zinthu, citrus mu kukoma kowawa kwa gawo lalikulu ndi naringin.Chipatsocho chilinso ndi mavitamini, vitamini A ndi chipatso chachikasu chomwe chili ndi carotene, monga apricot, loquat, persimmon, etc., prickly peyala, deti, Chinese kiwi, sea buckthorn ili ndi vitamini C wambiri, wokhala ndi chlorophyll mu Chipatso chaching'ono chimakhala chokwera, kukula kwa chipatsocho, kuchuluka kwathunthu kumawonjezeka, koma zomwe zili mugawo lolemera mwatsopano zidachepa, peel kuposa mtima wa chipatso ndi yayikulu, mbali yadzuwa ndi yayikulu kuposa mbali yakumbuyo.
5) kusintha kwa pigment.Mtundu wa chipatsocho uli ndi chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins, anthocyanidin glycosides, ndi flavonoids.Mapangidwe a carotenoids ndi tetraterpene (C), pali mitundu 500, yomwe ilipo mu chloroplasts ndi plastids, kuphatikizapo mapuloteni, imakhala ndi ntchito yoteteza maselo ku kuwonongeka kwamphamvu kwa kuwala, pamene chipatso chacha, chlorophyll imachepa, ndipo carotenoids imawonjezeka.
5. Wolemera mu zakudya zosiyanasiyana
Feteleza wachilengedwe samangokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zakuthupi komanso ma organic acid, monga humic acid, amino acid, ndi xanthic acid, komanso amakhala ndi zinthu zingapo zazikulu, zapakatikati, komanso zowunikira, ngakhale zomwe zili ndi zochepa koma zambiri.Ambiri, nayitrogeni kwa masamba aatali, phosphorous kwa maluwa aatali, potaziyamu kwa zipatso zazitali;silicon kwa mizu, kashiamu kwa zipatso, magnesium kwa masamba, sulfure kulawa;chitsulo cha masamba achikasu, mkuwa wa masamba obiriwira, molybdenum wa masamba a maluwa, zinki wa masamba ang'onoang'ono, boron wa masamba opiringizika.
6. Ndi kukhalitsa
Real organic fetereza sadzakhala kusungunuka, ndipo sangathe kusungunuka, chifukwa organic fetereza lili yambiri mapadi ndi lignin sangathe kusungunuka ndi madzi, ziyenera kukhala mwa nthaka tizilombo ting'onoting'ono mabakiteriya kuwonongeka, n'kukhala amino zidulo ndi chakudya kukhala. kutengeka ndi mizu ya mitengo yazipatso, imene ili yapang'onopang'ono ndi yokhalitsa.
7. Mwachangu
Amapereka mphamvu ndi michere ya nthaka ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, imalimbikitsa ntchito zazing'ono, imathandizira kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zamoyo, imapanga zinthu zogwira ntchito, ndi zina zotero. , Chofunika kwambiri, mwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kuwonongeka kwa organic zidulo akhoza yambitsa koyilo ndi wokhazikika mu mchere zinthu akhoza odzipereka ndi ntchito.
8. Ndi kusunga madzi
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti: mu organic kompositi humus muli lipids, sera, ndi utomoni, chifukwa popanga nthaka ndi chonde kwambiri, zinthuzi zimatha kulowa munthaka, kotero kuti zimakhala ndi hydrophobic, kufooketsa njira yonyowetsa nthaka komanso Kuthamanga kwa madzi a capillary, kuti madzi a m'nthaka achepe komanso kuti madzi azitha kusunga madzi a m'nthaka apitirire, motero kumapangitsa kuti chinyezi chikhale bwino.
Kafukufuku wa hydrophilicity ndi hydrophobicity wa humus awonetsa kuti amatsimikiziridwa ndi maunyolo am'mbali m'mphepete mwa molekyulu ya humic acid, komanso kuti pamene kuchuluka kwa ma polymerization a molekyulu ya humic acid ndi yaying'ono, kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe a unyolo wake wam'mbali. magulu ndi okulirapo, komanso kuti pali mgwirizano wosiyana pakati pawo, ndi mgwirizano pakati pa chinthu cha humic ndi molekyulu yamadzi yomwe imatsimikizira, pamlingo wina, mphamvu zamadzi za zinthu zamoyo.
Mapangidwe a agglomerate amagwirizana ndi zomwe zili m'nthaka komanso kuchuluka kwa kompositi yomwe imayikidwa.Mapangidwe a agglomerate osasunthika amadzi amatsimikizira kutayikira kwa nthaka yosanjikiza komanso kumathandizira kuti nthaka ipitirire.Kapangidwe kameneka kamadziwika ndi ma agglomerates otayirira komanso porosity yayikulu yopanda capillary, yomwe imachepetsa kutalika ndi liwiro la kayendedwe ka capillary m'nthaka ndikuchepetsa kutuluka kwa madzi pamtunda.The utali wozungulira wa kapangidwe dothi particles ndi bwino agglomerate dongosolo ndi lalikulu kuposa utali wozungulira wa kapangidwe ka dothi particles ndi osauka agglomerate dongosolo, pamene liwiro mmwamba kayendedwe ka madzi capillary ndi inversely proportional ndi utali wozungulira wa structural unit.
9. Ndi kutchinjiriza
Kompositi yachilengedwe imakhala ndi ntchito yowotcha ndi kutentha, zomwe zimapindulitsa pakukula kwa mizu ndi kukula kwa mitengo yazipatso.Kompositi ikuwola imamasula kutentha kwina, kusintha kutentha kwa nthaka, panthawi imodzimodziyo, mphamvu ya kutentha kwa feteleza wa organic, ntchito yabwino ya kutchinjiriza, yosavuta kukhudzidwa ndi kuzizira kwakunja ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, chisanu chachisanu. chitetezo, kutentha kwa chilimwe, komwe kumapindulitsa kwambiri kumera kwa mitengo ya zipatso, kukula, ndi kuzizira kwambiri.
10. Yesani chonde m'nthaka
Dothi organic kanthu ndi mawu omwe amatanthauza zinthu zomwe zili munthaka zomwe zimachokera ku zamoyo.Dothi organic kanthu ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la gawo lolimba la nthaka ndipo ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zopezera zakudya zamasamba, kulimbikitsa kukula ndi kukula kwa zomera, kukonza mawonekedwe a nthaka, kulimbikitsa ntchito za tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zomera za m'nthaka, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kuwonongeka kwa michere m'nthaka ndikuwongolera chonde ndi kuteteza nthaka.Zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kake, mpweya, kulowa mkati, ndi ma adsorption komanso kubisa kwa nthaka.Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zili mu organic matter zimayenderana bwino ndi kuchuluka kwa chonde m'nthaka mkati mwazinthu zina, nthawi zina zimakhala zofanana kapena zofanana.
Zomwe zili m'nthaka ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri za chonde m'nthaka, ndipo kompositi ya organic imatha kuonjezera zinthu zomwe zili m'nthaka.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-31-2022