Kodi kompositi ndi chiyani ndipo amapangidwa bwanji?

Kompositi ndi mtundu wina waorganic fetereza, yomwe ili ndi zakudya zambiri, ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu yayitali komanso yokhazikika ya feteleza.Pakali pano, zimalimbikitsa mapangidwe a nthaka yolimba njere, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya nthaka kusunga madzi, kutentha, mpweya, ndi feteleza.mankhwala fetelezakuti apereke zoperewera za michere imodzi yomwe ili mu feteleza wamankhwala, zomwe zingaumitse nthaka ndikuchepetsa kusungidwa kwa madzi ndi feteleza pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali.Choncho, m'mbiri, kompositi wakhala amtengo wapatali ndi makampani obzala.

1.Kodi mungapange bwanji kompositi?

Nthawi zambiri, kompositi amapangidwa ndi zotsalira za nyama ndi zomera (monga udzu, udzu, masamba, peat, zinyalala, ndi zinyalala zina, etc.) monga waukulu zopangira thovu ndi decomposed pansi pa zikhalidwe za kutentha ndi chinyezi. Chifukwa zida zake za kompositi ndi mfundo zake, komanso kapangidwe kake ndi zinthu za feteleza ndizofanana ndi manyowa, zimatchedwanso manyowa opangira minda.

Kompositi ili ndi mbiri yayitali kwambiri, ndipo njira yake yoyambira yopanga imakhala ndi izi:

1. Kusonkhanitsa zopangira: kusonkhanitsa zinyalala zobzala m'deralo (monga udzu, mipesa, udzu, masamba akugwa amitengo), kupanga kapena zinyalala zapakhomo (monga matope a padziwe, kusanja zinyalala, ndi zina zotero), ndi ndowe zochokera ku aquaculture (Mwachitsanzo, manyowa a ziweto, madzi ochapira, ndi zina zotero) amasonkhanitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zipangizo zopangira kompositi;

2. Kukonza zinthu zopangira: phwanyani bwino mapesi a zomera, zimayambira, nthambi, ndi zina zotero, ndikuziphwanya mu utali wa mainchesi 3 mpaka 5.

3. Kusakaniza zinthu zopangira: Zida zonse zimasakanizidwa bwino, ndipo anthu ena amawonjezera kashiamu wa cyanamide wokwanira kuti alimbikitse kuwira kwake.

4. Kompositi ndi kuwira: Kuphimbidwa ndi mphasa zosweka, nsanza, udzu kapena nsalu zapulasitiki kuti feteleza asatayike, ndi kuikidwa mu shedi ya kompositi zingakhale zabwino koposa.Ngati kulibe kompositi, kompositi yotseguka ingakhale yosankha, koma malo oyenera ayenera kusankhidwa kuti asatayike feteleza chifukwa cha dzuwa, mvula ndi mphepo.

5. Kutembenuza kompositi kukhala kukhwima: Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti manyowa afufuzidwa mofanana ndi kuwola mkati ndi kunja, kompositiyo iyenera kusinthidwa kwa masabata atatu mpaka anayi aliwonse.Pambuyo pa miyezi itatu, mukhoza kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito.

2.Kupanga kompositi moyenera?

Kompositi atha kugawidwa m'njira ziwiri: kompositi wamba komanso kompositi yotentha kwambiri.Yoyamba inabwera ndi kutentha kwa fermentation, ndipo yotsirizirayo imakhala ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri isanakwane.

Kompositi wamba ndiyo njira yopangira manyowa omwe amatengera makampani obzala kwa zaka masauzande ambiri. Timachitcha kuti "njira yachikhalidwe ya kompositi".Mwa njira iyi, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza kosavuta, kusungunula kochita kupanga, ndi kuwira kwachilengedwe, imatha kutchedwanso "composting yamadzi".Ntchito yonseyo ingatenge nthawi yayitali kwambiri, ndi fungo lalikulu panthawi yowotchera, komanso kutaya kwambiri kwa michere.Choncho iyi si njira yamakono ya kompositi yomwe tikutsatira pano.

Mulu wa kompositi pachithunzichi ndi wachisawawa, womwe uli pafupi ndi famu kapena munda wa zipatso wokhala ndi malo otseguka pang'ono, pokoka manyowa, udzu, ndi zina zotere ndi kuunjika pakati pa malo amodzi.Kumalo ena, iyenera kusungidwa kwa miyezi ingapo musanagwiritse ntchito.

Pakuti mkulu-kutentha kompositi, nayonso mphamvu zambiri chofunika.The mkulu kutentha nayonso mphamvu ya osakaniza zopangira amalimbikitsa nayonso mphamvu mofulumira ndi kukhwima kwa nayonso mphamvu gawo lapansi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, akhoza kupha majeremusi mkati, tizilombo mazira ndi udzu. mbewu .Iyi ndi njira yoyenera yopangira manyowa tsopano, ndipo ndi gawo lomwe lafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhaniyi.

Monga kusankha kwa malo, pali njira ziwiri zopangira kompositi yotentha kwambiri: njira ya theka-pit stacking ndi njira yoyika pansi.

Njira yosungiramo ma semi-pit stacking tsopano yasinthidwa kukhala thanki yowotchera pambuyo popanga fakitale, yomwe imathandizira kugwira ntchito kwamakina ndikuwongolera bwino.

Njira yowunjikira pansi imafunanso mgwirizano wa zida zosiyanasiyana za kompositi kuti zithandizire kupanga bwino.

Mutha kudziwa kuti kompositi yamakono ndi yosiyana kale ndi njira yachikhalidwe:

Tebulo lofananitsa ili likuwonetsa kusiyanako mwachidziwitso:

Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi kuyerekezera kosavuta kwa makhalidwe a "organic kompositi" opangidwa ndi njira ziwiri, koma osati zonse.Koma titha kuonabe kusiyana kwake.Inde, zili ndi inu kuweruza njira yomwe ili yabwinoko.

Tikhozanso kupeza kuchokera patebulo kuti zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powotchera ndizofanana.

Mfundoyi ndi yakuti popanga, njira yodziunjikira kutentha kwambiri yakhala ikusintha zambiri.Pakhoza kukhala zinthu zambiri zosakaniza za organic zopangira kompositi: mwachitsanzo, manyowa a ziweto, zipangizo za gasket, ndi zotsalira za chakudya zimasakanizidwa ndi kusungidwa;mapesi a mbewu, manyowa obiriwira, udzu ndi zinthu zina za mbewu zimasakanizidwa ndi dothi, ndowe za anthu, zinyalala, ndi zina zambiri….…

Zofunikira pa stacking: Sakanizani mitundu yonse ya zipangizo mofanana momwe mungathere;kutalika kwamphepo ya kompositi ndi 80-100 cm;chinyezi sichichepera 35% komanso osapitirira 60%;kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino.

Mfundo yofunikira: Gwiritsani ntchito mabakiteriya a aerobic kuti ayambe nayonso mphamvu, amawola mwachangu zinthu zosiyanasiyana, pangani michere yaying'ono yamamolekyulu ndi humus, ndikupanga ma metabolites angapo nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimathandiza kumera kuyamwa kwa michere, kuteteza mizu ndi kukonza nthaka. .

Chidule cha ndondomeko: kuyesa (kuphwanya) -kusakaniza-kuwira (kutembenuza mulu) -kukhwima-(kusinthasintha) -kumaliza mankhwala.Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zopangira, njirayi ndi yosavuta.Mfundo yaikulu yaukadaulo ndi "kuwira (kutembenuza mulu)".

Kuwira kwa kompositi kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi mabakiteriya ovunda, kutentha, chinyezi, nthawi, mtundu, kukula, ndi nthawi yotembenuza magawo a fermentation.

Tapeza zovuta kapena kusamvetsetsana pakugwira ntchito kwenikweni kwa malo ambiri owotchera, ndipo tisankha mfundo zingapo zofunika kugawana nanu:

• Nayonso mphamvu wothandizira: Osati bola ngati nayonso mphamvu akanatha mankhwala kutentha kwambiri ndi "zabwino nayonso mphamvu wothandizira".Njira yowotchera yothandiza imagwiritsa ntchito njere ya mabakiteriya yosavuta, ndipo mtundu umodzi kapena iwiri yokha ya mabakiteriya omwe akugwira ntchito.Ngakhale zimatha kutulutsa kutentha kwakukulu, zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa pakuwonongeka ndi kukhwima kwa zinthu zina, ndipo composting zotsatira si zabwino.Chifukwa chake, chothandizira choyezera choyenera ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri!

• Sieving ya zipangizo: Chifukwa cha magwero osiyanasiyana a fermentation zopangira, zikhoza kukhala ndi miyala, zitsulo, galasi, mapulasitiki ndi zina.Chifukwa chake, sieving iyenera kuperekedwa musanayambe kupanga kompositi.ndondomeko sieving ayenera kukhala kofunika kuonetsetsa kupewa kuvulala munthu ndi zida kuwonongeka, ndi mkulu khalidwe la mankhwala.Popanga ntchito, zopanga zambiri "zimaganiza kuti ndizovuta", ndikudula njirayi, kenako ndikuyambitsa kutayika.
• Zofunikira za chinyezi: zosachepera 40%, kapena kuposa 60%.Chifukwa chinyezi ndi chapamwamba kuposa 60%, sizothandiza kupulumuka ndi kuberekana kwa mabakiteriya a aerobic.Opanga ambiri salabadira kwambiri kuwongolera madzi, zomwe zimabweretsa kulephera kwa fermentation.

• Kompositi yotembenuza fermentation: Olima ambiri satembenuza mphepo pamene mulu wa fermentation wafika 50-60 ℃ panthawi ya fermentation.Komanso, “akatswiri” ambiri amatsogolera makasitomala awo ponena kuti “nthawi zambiri, kupesa kuyenera kukhala pamwamba pa 56 ℃ kwa masiku 5-6, ndipo kutentha kwa 50-60 ℃ kwa masiku 10 kudzakhala kokwanira.”

Kwenikweni, pali njira yofulumira yowotchera isanakwane, ndipo kutentha kumapitirira kukwera mofulumira, nthawi zambiri kupitirira 65°C.Ngati kompositiyo siinatembenuzidwe pakadali pano, kompositi yamtundu wapamwamba sangapangidwe.

Choncho, kutentha mu kompositi kukafika 60 ℃, kompositiyo iyenera kutembenuzidwa.Nthawi zambiri pakatha maola 10, kutentha kwa kompositi kumafikanso kutentha, kenako kumafunika kutembenuzidwanso.Pambuyo kudutsa nthawi 4 mpaka 5, pamene kutentha mu riyakitala yowotchera kumakhala pa 45-50 ℃, ndipo sikudzakhalanso kukwera.Panthawi imeneyi, kutembenuza kompositi kumatha kukulitsidwa kwa masiku asanu aliwonse.

Mwachiwonekere, sikungatheke kugwiritsa ntchito antchito pokonza kuchuluka kwa kompositi.Izi sizimangofunika anthu ambiri komanso nthawi, kupanga kompositi kwenikweni sikoyenera.Chifukwa chake, tigwiritsa ntchito makina otembenuza odzipereka kuti agwire ntchito.

3.Momwe mungasankhire amakina otembenuza kompositi a organic?

Pali mitundu ikuluikulu yamakina otembenuza kompositi: ngalande zotembenuza kompositi ndi zotembenuza zodzipangira zokha kompositi.Ngalande yotembenuza kompositi imafunikira malo apadera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, kapangidwe kake kovutirapo komanso mtengo wopangira zinthu zambiri. Kupatula apo, chifukwa chakusakwanira kwa mpweya wowonjezera, izi zipangitsa kuti fermentation iwonongeke.

Zodziyendetsakompositi zotembenuzamakamaka chosinthira kompositi chamtundu wa straddle, chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwikiratu pa zotembenuza zodzipangira zokha kompositi ndikuti ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina.

Kugwira ntchito kwake ndipamwamba kwambiri, koma kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumakhala kochepa.Panthawiyi, ntchito, kukonza ndi kukonza ndizosavuta komanso zosavuta, zomwe zingapulumutse ndalama zambiri komanso nthawi.Amadalira mawilo awoawo kapena njanji kuti asunthire pamphepo zomangika, ndi ma hydraulic kapena ma belt drive rollers kapena ma rotary tillers pansi pa fuselage kuti atembenuze milu.Pambuyo kutembenuka, latsopano windrows aumbike, ndipo ndi fluffy ndi lotayirira boma, kupanga yabwino aerobic boma kuti nayonso mphamvu zipangizo, amene kwambiri yabwino kupanga ndi nayonso mphamvu organic kompositi.

Monga wopanga ma kompositi wodziwa zambiri,TAGRMyakhazikitsa kompositi yotsika mtengo kwambiri malinga ndi mawonekedwe a kompositi komanso zosowa zenizeni za makasitomala:M3600.Ili ndi injini yamafuta ya 128HP (95KW), njanji yachitsulo yokutidwa ndi manja oteteza mphira. M'lifupi mwake ndi 3.4 metres, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 1.36 metres, imatha kukonza kompositi ya organic 1250 pa ola limodzi, yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitu yodula, yomwe imatha kuphwanya ndi kukonza kompositi yazinthu zosiyanasiyana, makamaka chinyezi chambiri, manyowa owoneka bwino kwambiri, matope ndi zinthu zina zopangira.Ndikoyenera kusakaniza kwathunthu mu oxygen ndikufulumizitsa kupesa kwa kompositi.Kuphatikiza apo, cockpit yake yodziyimira payokha ili ndi gawo labwino la masomphenya komanso luso loyendetsa bwino.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena zosowa zina, chonde titumizireni m'njira izi:
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