Kompositi ndi njira yozungulira yomwe imaphatikizapo kuwonongeka ndi kupesa kwa zigawo zosiyanasiyana zamasamba, monga zinyalala zamasamba, m'munda wamasamba.Ngakhale nthambi ndi masamba ogwa amatha kubwezeredwa m'nthaka ndi njira zopangira manyowa.Kompositi wopangidwa kuchokera ku zotsalira zazakudya zotsalira sizingalimbikitse kukula kwa mbewu mwachangu monga feteleza wamalonda amachitira.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ngati njira yowonjezera nthaka, pang'onopang'ono kuti ikhale yachonde pakapita nthawi.Kompositi sayenera kuganiziridwa ngati njira yotaya zinyalala zakukhitchini;m'malo mwake, ziyenera kuganiziridwa ngati njira yolera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka.
1. Gwiritsani ntchito bwino masamba otsala ndi zinyalala zakukhitchini kupanga manyowa
Kuti muchepetse kupesa ndi kuwola, dulani masamba a masamba, zimayambira, ndi zinthu zina mu tiziduswa tating'ono, kenako kukhetsa ndikuwonjezera ku kompositi.Ngakhale mafupa a nsomba amatha kuwola bwino ngati muli ndi nkhokwe ya malata kunyumba.Powonjezera masamba a tiyi kapena zitsamba, mutha kusunga kompositi kuti isawole ndikutulutsa fungo losasangalatsa.Sikoyenera kompositi zipolopolo za mazira kapena mafupa a mbalame.Zitha kuphwanyidwa kaye kuti zithandizire kuwola ndi kupesa zisanakwiridwe m'nthaka.
Kuonjezera apo, miso paste ndi msuzi wa soya zimakhala ndi mchere, zomwe tizilombo tating'onoting'ono sitingathe kupirira, choncho musadye manyowa otsala ndi chakudya chophika.Ndikofunikiranso kukhala ndi chizolowezi chosasiya chakudya chotsalira musanagwiritse ntchito kompositi.
2. Kaboni, nayitrogeni, tizilombo tosaoneka bwino, madzi, ndi mpweya
Kompositi imafuna zinthu zokhala ndi kaboni komanso malo okhala ndi madzi ndi mpweya.Mwanjira imeneyi, mamolekyu a carbon, kapena shuga, amapangidwa m'nthaka, zomwe zingathandize kuti mabakiteriya azichulukana.
Kupyolera mu mizu yake, zomera zimatenga nayitrogeni m’nthaka ndi mpweya woipa m’mlengalenga.Kenaka, amapanga mapuloteni omwe amapanga maselo awo mwa kusakaniza carbon ndi nitrogen.
Rhizobia ndi ndere zobiriwira zobiriwira, mwachitsanzo, zimagwira ntchito limodzi ndi mizu ya zomera kukonza nayitrogeni.Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta kompositi timaphwanya mapuloteni kukhala nayitrogeni, omwe zomera zimalandira kudzera mumizu yake.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timayenera kudya magalamu asanu a nayitrogeni pa magalamu 100 aliwonse a kaboni wovunda kuchokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe.Izi zikutanthauza kuti chiŵerengero cha carbon-to-nitrogen panthawi ya kuwonongeka ndi 20 mpaka 1.
Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mpweya wa carbon m’nthaka ukachuluka kuŵirikiza ka 20 kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timaudya kotheratu.Ngati chiŵerengero cha carbon-to-nitrogen chili chochepera 19, nayitrojeni wina amakhalabe m’nthaka ndipo tizilombo tosaoneka bwino sitingathe kufikako.
Kusintha kuchuluka kwa madzi mumpweya kumalimbikitsa mabakiteriya a aerobic kukula, kuphwanya mapuloteni mu kompositi, ndikutulutsa nayitrogeni ndi kaboni m'nthaka, zomwe zimatha kutengedwa ndi zomera kudzera mumizu yake ngati nthaka ili ndi mpweya wambiri.
Kompositi ikhoza kupangidwa posintha zinthu za organic kukhala nayitrojeni zomwe zomera zimatha kuyamwa podziwa mphamvu ya carbon ndi nitrogen, kusankha zipangizo zopangira kompositi, ndi kuyang'anira chiŵerengero cha carbon ndi nitrogen munthaka.
3. Sakanizani kompositi pang'onopang'ono, ndipo tcherani khutu ku kutentha, chinyezi, ndi actinomycetes.
Ngati zinthu zopangira kompositi zili ndi madzi ochulukirapo, ndizosavuta kupangitsa kuti mapuloteniwo akhale ammoniate ndikununkhiza koyipa.Komabe, ngati madzi ndi ochepa kwambiri, zidzakhudzanso ntchito ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Ngati sichikutulutsa madzi ikafinyidwa ndi dzanja, chinyezi chimaonedwa kuti ndi choyenera, koma ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mabokosi a mapepala a malata kuti mupange kompositi, ndi bwino kuuma pang'ono.
Mabakiteriya omwe amagwira ntchito popanga kompositi amakhala a aerobic, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusakaniza kompositi nthawi zonse kuti mpweya ulowe ndikufulumizitsa kuwonongeka.Komabe, musasakanizane pafupipafupi, apo ayi zidzalimbikitsa ntchito ya mabakiteriya a aerobic ndikumasula nayitrogeni mumlengalenga kapena m'madzi.Choncho, kudzichepetsa n’kofunika kwambiri.
Kutentha mkati mwa kompositi kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 20-40 digiri Celsius, yomwe ndi yoyenera kwambiri pakuchita mabakiteriya.Ikapitirira madigiri 65, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasiya kugwira ntchito ndipo pang'onopang'ono timafa.
Actinomycetes ndi mabakiteriya oyera omwe amapangidwa mu zinyalala zamasamba kapena mitengo yakugwa.M'mabokosi a mapepala opangidwa ndi kompositi kapena zimbudzi za kompositi, actinomycetes ndi mitundu yofunikira ya mabakiteriya omwe amalimbikitsa kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kuwira mu kompositi.Mukayamba kupanga kompositi, ndi bwino kuyang'ana ma actinomycetes mu zinyalala zamasamba ndi mitengo yakugwa yomwe ikuwola.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-18-2022