Udzu kapena udzu wamtchire ndiwokhazikika kwambiri m'chilengedwe.Nthawi zambiri timachotsa udzu momwe tingathere panthawi yolima kapena kulima.Koma udzu umene umachotsedwa sungotayidwa koma umatha kupanga manyowa abwino ngati wapangidwa bwino.Kugwiritsa ntchito udzu mu feteleza ndi kompositi, yomwe ndi feteleza wachilengedwe wopangidwa ndi udzu, udzu, masamba, zinyalala, ndi zina zotere, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi manyowa a anthu, manyowa a ziweto, ndi zina zambiri. Ubwino wake ndi wabwino, mphamvu ya feteleza ndi yayikulu, ndipo imatha kupha majeremusi ndi mazira.
Ubwino wa kompositi ya udzu:
● Mphamvu ya feteleza imachedwa kuyerekeza ndi manyowa a ziweto;
● Kukhazikika kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kosavuta kuwonongedwa, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ndi zolepheretsa zokolola zosalekeza chifukwa cha kusalinganika kwa zinthu, pamenepa, zotsatira zake zimakhala bwino kuposa manyowa a manyowa;
● kuchepetsa kulephera kumera kwa mbewu;
● Udzu wamtchire umakhala ndi mizu yolimba, ndipo ukalowa mozama, umayamwa mchere ndi kubwerera pansi;
● Chiŵerengero choyenera cha carbon-nitrogen ndi kuwonongeka kosalala;
1. Zida zopangira kompositi
Zida zopangira kompositi zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu malinga ndi zomwe zili:
Zinthu Zoyambira
Zinthu zomwe siziwola mosavuta, monga maudzu osiyanasiyana, udzu, masamba akugwa, mipesa, peat, zinyalala, ndi zina.
Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka
Nthawi zambiri, ndi chinthu chokhala ndi mabakiteriya omwe amawola ndi kutentha kwambiri komwe amakhala ndi nayitrogeni wambiri, monga ndowe za anthu, zimbudzi, mchenga wa silika, manyowa a akavalo, manyowa a nkhosa, manyowa akale, phulusa la zomera, laimu, ndi zina zotero.
Chinthu cha Absorbent
Kuwonjezera peat pang'ono, mchenga wabwino ndi pang'ono superphosphate kapena phosphate thanthwe ufa pa kudzikundikira ndondomeko akhoza kuteteza kapena kuchepetsa volatilization nayitrogeni ndi bwino fetereza dzuwa la kompositi.
2. Chithandizo cha zipangizo zosiyanasiyana musanapange kompositi
Kuti mufulumizitse kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa chinthu chilichonse, zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ziyenera kuthandizidwa musanapange kompositi.
lZinyalala ziyenera kusanjidwa kuti zisankhe magalasi osweka, miyala, matailosi, mapulasitiki, ndi zinyalala zina, makamaka pofuna kupewa kusakaniza zitsulo zolemera ndi zinthu zapoizoni ndi zovulaza.
l Kwenikweni, mitundu yonse ya zida zodzikundikira ndi zabwino kuphwanyidwa, ndipo kukulitsa malo olumikizirana nawo kumathandizira kuwonongeka, koma kumawononga anthu ambiri komanso chuma.Nthawi zambiri, namsongole amadulidwa mu utali wa 5-10 cm.
lPazinthu zolimba komanso zawax, monga chimanga ndi manyuchi, zomwe zimakhala ndi madzi otsika, ndi bwino kuzilowetsera ndi zimbudzi kapena 2% laimu madzi mutatha kuphwanya kuwononga phula pamwamba pa udzu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti madzi ayambe kuyamwa ndipo amalimbikitsa. kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka.
lUdzu wam'madzi, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi, uyenera kuumitsa pang'ono usanawunjike.
3.Kusankha kwa stacking malo
Malo opangira feteleza akuyenera kusankha malo okhala ndi malo okwera, otsetsereka komanso adzuwa, pafupi ndi gwero la madzi, komanso osavuta mayendedwe ndi ntchito.Kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyenda ndikugwiritsa ntchito, malo odziunjikira amatha kumwazika moyenera.Pambuyo posankha malo osungiramo malo, nthaka idzasinthidwa.
4.Chiŵerengero cha chinthu chilichonse mu kompositi
Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa stacking zipangizo ndi za 500 makilogalamu osiyanasiyana udzu mbewu, udzu, wagwa masamba, etc., kuwonjezera 100-150 makilogalamu a manyowa ndi mkodzo, ndi 50-100 makilogalamu madzi.Kuchuluka kwa madzi owonjezera kumadalira kuuma ndi kunyowa kwa zipangizo.makilogalamu, kapena mankwala thanthwe ufa 25-30 makilogalamu, superphosphate 5-8 makilogalamu, nayitrogeni fetereza 4-5 makilogalamu.
Kuti kuwolako kufulumizitse, mulingo woyenera wa manyowa a nyuru kapena manyowa akale, matope a pansi pa nthaka yakuya, ndi nthaka yachonde zitha kuwonjezeredwa kuti ziwole.Koma nthaka sayenera kukhala yochuluka, kuti zisakhudze kukhwima ndi kompositi khalidwe.Choncho mwambi wina waulimi umati, “Udzu wopanda matope sungavunde, ndipo popanda matope udzu subereka”.Izi zikuwonetseratu kuti kuonjezera nthaka yachonde yoyenerera sikumangokhalira kuyamwa ndi kusunga feteleza, komanso kumakhala ndi zotsatira zolimbikitsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe.
5.Kupanga kompositi
Pakani dothi lokhala ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 20 cm pa dzenje la mpweya wabwino wa bwalo lodzikundikirapo, dothi labwino kwambiri, kapena dothi la turf ngati mphasa kuti mutenge feteleza wolowetsedwa, ndiyeno mutengere zinthu zosakanizika bwino ndi zoyeretsedwa zosanjikiza. khalani otsimikiza.Ndi kuwaza manyowa ndi madzi pa aliyense wosanjikiza, ndiyeno wogawana kuwaza pang'ono laimu, phosphate thanthwe ufa, kapena phosphate feteleza.Kapena ikani mabakiteriya omwe amawola kwambiri.Udzu mu wosanjikiza uliwonse ndi urea kapena feteleza wa nthaka ndi chinangwa cha tirigu kuti asinthe chiŵerengero cha carbon-nitrogen ayenera kuwonjezeredwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kofunikira kuti zitsimikizire ubwino wa kompositi.
Izi zimakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza mpaka kufika kutalika kwa 130-200 cm.Kutalika kwa gawo lililonse nthawi zambiri ndi 30-70 cm.Chosanjikiza chapamwamba chiyenera kukhala chochepa thupi, ndipo chapakati ndi chapansi chiyenera kukhala chokhuthala pang'ono.Kuchuluka kwa manyowa ndi madzi omwe amawonjezeredwa pagawo lililonse ayenera kukhala ochulukirapo kumtunda ndi kuchepera kumunsi kuti azitha kuyenda pansi ndikugawa mmwamba ndi pansi.mofanana.Kutalika kwa stack ndi kutalika kwa stack kumadalira kuchuluka kwa zinthu komanso kumasuka kwa ntchito.Maonekedwe a muluwo amatha kupangidwa kukhala mawonekedwe a bun kapena mawonekedwe ena.Muluwo ukatha, umasindikizidwa ndi matope opaka 6-7 masentimita, nthaka yabwino, ndi filimu yakale yapulasitiki, yomwe imapindulitsa kuteteza kutentha, kusunga madzi, ndi kusunga feteleza.
6.Kusamalira kompositi
Nthawi zambiri patatha masiku atatu kapena asanu kuchokera mulu, zinthu zamoyo zimayamba kuwola ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti titulutse kutentha, ndipo kutentha kwa mulu kumakwera pang'onopang'ono.Pambuyo pa masiku 7-8, kutentha kwa mulu kumakwera kwambiri, kufika pa 60-70 ° C.Ntchitoyi imafooka ndipo kuwonongeka kwa zipangizo sikukwanira.Choncho, panthawi ya stacking, chinyezi ndi kutentha kumasintha kumtunda, pakati, ndi kumunsi kwa stack ziyenera kufufuzidwa kawirikawiri.
Titha kugwiritsa ntchito choyezera kutentha kwa kompositi kuti tidziwe kutentha kwamkati kwa kompositi.Ngati mulibe thermometer ya kompositi, mutha kuyikanso ndodo yayitali yachitsulo mu muluwo ndikuisiya kwa mphindi zisanu!Mukachikoka, yesani ndi dzanja lanu.Imamva kutentha ku 30 ℃, imamva kutentha pafupifupi 40-50 ℃, ndipo imamva kutentha pafupifupi 60 ℃.Kuti muwone chinyezi, mutha kuwona zowuma ndi zonyowa pamtunda wa gawo lomwe layikidwa lachitsulo.Ngati ili mumkhalidwe wonyowa, zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa madzi kuli koyenera;ngati ili pamalo owuma, zikutanthauza kuti madziwo ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndipo mukhoza kupanga dzenje pamwamba pa muluwo ndikuwonjezera madzi.Ngati chinyontho chomwe chili mu muluwo chizolowera mpweya wabwino, kutentha kumakwera pang'onopang'ono masiku angapo muluwo utatha, ndipo ukhoza kufika pamwamba kwambiri pakadutsa sabata imodzi.Kutentha kwapamwamba kuyenera kukhala kosachepera masiku atatu, ndipo kutentha kumachepa pakadutsa masiku 10.Pachifukwa ichi, tembenuzirani muluwo kamodzi pa masiku 20-25, tembenuzirani gawo lakunja pakati, tembenuzirani pakati kupita kunja, ndipo onjezerani mkodzo woyenerera monga momwe mukufunikira kuti muwunikirenso kuti mulimbikitse kuwola.Pambuyo pakuunjikiranso, pakadutsa masiku 20-30, zopangirazo zimakhala pafupi ndi kuchuluka kwa zakuda, zowola, ndi zonunkhiza, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti zavunda, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena nthaka yovundikirayo imatha kupakidwa ndikusungidwa. ntchito pambuyo pake.
7.Kutembenuza kompositi
Kuyambira koyambirira kwa kompositi, kutembenuka kuyenera kukhala:
masiku 7 pambuyo pa nthawi yoyamba;masiku 14 pambuyo kachiwiri;masiku 21 pambuyo kachitatu;1 mwezi pambuyo pa nthawi yachinayi;kamodzi pamwezi pambuyo pake.Zindikirani: Madzi ayenera kuwonjezeredwa bwino kuti asinthe chinyezi kukhala 50-60% nthawi iliyonse muluwo utembenuzidwa.
8. Momwe mungaweruzire kukhwima kwa kompositi
Chonde onani nkhani zotsatirazi:
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-11-2022